The Seven Cousins named JOHN WITT-Part two of two

PROFILES

     The following pages present the profiles of the identified John Witts of Bedford County. Each has been reconstructed through a 360-degree analysis, drawing on tax rolls, land deeds, court records, and other primary sources, combined with the identification of behavioral signatures, to create a well-rounded portrait of the man behind the name. These are summarized here for the sake of space.

 

     Map 1 illustrates the proximity of their homesteads, showing that all John Witts in Bedford County lived within a two-to-fifteen-mile radius of the town of Liberty, Virginia. Request 7B attachment for sources of author’s drawn map.

 

 

JOHN WITT, SR., SON OF BENJAMIN, SR.

ABT 1742–1826

     Sparse documentation obscures the early movements of John Witt, Sr., and it remains unclear how many times he was married. The loss of the 1790 and 1800 census records for Bedford County further complicates efforts to determine his household composition. However, his age and his role as surety on several Witt marriage bonds in the latter part of the 18^th century indicates that he had a wife and children before settling in Bedford County.[1]

     One presumed wife of John Witt, Sr. is Unis Creasey, although no official marriage record has been found. Supporting evidence for her identity comes from multiple sources, including land deeds indicating familial connections and the 1799 will of Thomas Creasey, in which he names a daughter, Unis, as an heir. Unis is likely deceased between 1805–1807, based on her absence from a land deal that would have required her to relinquish her dower rights, and the 1810 census which suggests a new wife or more than likely, an older daughter or relation, widowed with young children that appears in John Sr.’s household.[2]

     This John’s assertiveness and a strong sense of entitlement drew him into multiple chancery court cases and highlighted the shifting dynamics within his extended family. Two cases: Paschal Nance vs William Mead (1807) and John Ryan vs James Witt (1813), combined with his participation as a guardian in the Overstreet vs John B. Witt (1789) case showcases his alignment with “The Trickster” archetype.[3] His behavioral signature is outlined below in TABLE 1. This marker and the contextual evidence, clarify that we can confidently attribute these historical documents to Senior. In addition, the latter two court proceedings are particularly revealing and the outcomes help explain the primary cause of John’s eventual financial decline.[4]

 

     In 1822, John Sr., then in his eighties, made his final appearance in Bedford County’s personal property rolls, listed as owning only a single horse.[5] Over the next three years, he appears in county records as a recipient of public aid, reflecting his deteriorating economic circumstances. His risk taking and rule breaking as “The Trickster,” transitioned him to be one of “The Fallen.”[6] The final record of his life comes from the Overseers of the Poor, who, on June 5^th of 1826, approved a payment of seven dollars to Peggy Witt for “waiting on John Witt Sr, seven weeks previous to his death.” This modest sum marked both the end of his life and the support he received from his family and community in his final days.[7]

 

 

JOHN WITT, SON OF LEWIS WITT

1767–AFT 1840

     Upon further exploration of his absence from the Bedford County tax rolls, it is discovered that John, son of Lewis, had relocated to Edgefield County, South Carolina, around 1788–89. There, he married Kesiah Kilcrease and began raising a family (See Kesiah web page). By 1807, he moved again, this time to Logan County, Kentucky where his brother Robert joined him about 1810.[8] While Robert remained in Logan County until his death, another persistent error found in many ancestral trees is the mistaken assumption that John did the same. In reality, a different John Witt, Robert’s son, moved to Logan around 1818, the same year John, son of Lewis, sold his property and migrated to Maury County, Tennessee. There, he appeared in the 1820 U.S. census, and land records indicate that he resided near his brother-in-law, William W. Kilcrease.[9]

     These extensive migrations, from Virginia to South Carolina, Kentucky, and finally Tennessee, have been verified through traditional genealogical research and are further supported by autosomal DNA evidence linking this John Witt as the common ancestor of his documented descendants. While a comprehensive DNA study linking John’s children to each other has been completed, for the purposes of this paper, the triangulation graphic below highlights the genetic connections among the descendants of two of his daughters: “Desirae,” four times great granddaughter of Elizabeth (Witt) Truelove, who migrated from South Carolina to Kentucky and then to Tennessee and “Nikki”, two times great granddaughter of Jane (Witt) Jamison, who moved from Kentucky to Tennessee. They are triangulated with a Y-DNA tester confirmed as a paternal-line Witt. Additionally, these testers also share autosomal DNA with descendants of John’s son, Robert L. Witt, who followed a migration path from South Carolina to Kentucky and ultimately to Hamilton County, Illinois.[10]

     The final known record of John, son of Lewis, appears in 1840, when he sold his property in Maury County, Tennessee. His behavioral signature, “The Explorer,” is defined by a lifelong pattern of migration while still maintaining his roots with family suggests he may have gone to live with one of his children. His death date is not found.[11]

 

JOHN B. WITT, SON OF BENJAMIN WITT, JR.

ABT 1780–1864

     John B. Witt’s early life began with a pivotal court record from May, 1789. That record reveals the court appointment of his uncle, John Witt Sr., as his legal guardian to represent him in a land dispute brought by his maternal grandfather, Thomas Overstreet.[12] In the Overstreet vs Witt case, the records reflect that Thomas Overstreet presented himself as the surveyor of 700-acres in Bedford County and Benjamin Witt, his son-in-law and resident of Buckingham County, Virginia, paid £3/10 sterling in 1773 to apply for the land patent. By 1780, Benjamin was issued the grant for the full 700 acres but died shortly after and his only son, John Witt, inherited the land. However, Thomas testified, he sold three hundred of those acres prior to the application of the grant, one hundred each, to Enos Mitchell, William Ross, and John White and said Benjamin agreed to the division. Since Benjamin had died before the titles were officially transferred, Thomas petitioned John Witt, Sr. as legal guardian of Benjamin’s sole heir, to hand over the titles for the deeds, and the residue of land, four hundred acres, would remain with John, the junior. The guardian, John Sr., agreed.[13] During this time, John B., remained in Buckingham County, residing with his mother, on another parcel of inherited property named the “Benjamin Witt estate” which is identified in the land tax rolls. Supporting their presence in the county, “Mary Witt” appears in the Buckingham personal property tax rolls and is listed with her slave “Prince,” along with horses and cattle, through 1787, before her marriage to Edward Doss.[14]

     John Witt first appears independently in the Buckingham personal property rolls in 1801 with two horses, and again in 1802 with one horse. Thereafter, he is found in Bedford County, and his Buckingham estate disappears from the county’s land tax rolls after 1805. The deeds of Buckingham County were lost by fire, so the details of the property sale remain unknown.[15] On January 12^th, 1805, John married Elizabeth Beard, daughter of Margaret in Bedford County, and they began raising a family on the land he inherited from his father. During this period, he also fulfilled his military obligations by serving as a sergeant in the U.S. War of 1812 with the 2^nd Regiment, Virginia Militia. [16]

     After Elizabeth Beard’s death, John married Elizabeth (Goggin) Fields, on December 12^th, 1830.[17] She was the daughter of Stephen and Rachel Goggin, as noted in the Virginia death register.[18] She died of pneumonia on May 15, 1855, with John listed as her surviving husband. Several lawsuits involving an inheritance from her parents, both before and after her death, to clarify the transfer of property, showcased John’s willingness to resolve legal disputes amicably.[19]

Land, Slaves, and Death

     In Bedford County, the tax rolls, census records, and deeds, trace the steady accumulation of John B.’s property and wealth. In 1817, he sold most of the land originally granted to him by his father, Benjamin Witt, Jr. A few months earlier, he and his family, had relocated about fifteen miles south to the Crab Orchard Creek area, also referred to by his land taxes as Dumplin’ Mountain. Their new property bordered land owned by John’s maternal Overstreet line.[20]

     Over time, John B.’s estate grew substantially. His signature can easily be marked as “The Builder.” According to records, he owned one enslaved person in 1807 and expanded his holdings to more than sixteen slaves at the time of his death.[21] The property divided in his will was close to 900 acres of land and his estate was valued at a level that would make him a millionaire in modern times. John died on August 22, 1864, about fifteen years beyond the average life expectancy of the time. The Virginia death register lists his parents as Benj. and Mary Witt with his daughter, Nancy A. Adams as the informant.[22]

 

JOHN “JACK” WITT, SON OF JOHN WITT, SR.

ABT 1782 – 1846

      John Witt Sr.’s legacy continued through his son, John, often referred to as Jack, who inherited not only his name but also his financial instability. Born around 1782 in Bedford County, Jack married Jane White in 1803. She was the daughter of Joseph White, who became a significant figure in Jack’s adult life.[23] John and Jane, along with their children, likely lived on Joseph White’s property in 1810 and 1820, but the illegibility of names and column markings on those censuses makes it impossible to confirm their residency. By 1825, Jack and his family were facing obvious financial hardship. His father-in-law, Joseph White, stepped in to help, providing monetary assistance. Together with his son, Jesse, Joseph entered into a trust deed with Jack, securing the loan against Jack’s household items, a transaction recorded in the county deed books.[24]Among the items listed was a set of carpenter tools, suggesting Jack was a carpenter by trade. This is further supported by the recurring pattern of three of his sons being identified as carpenters in later censuses, indicating the profession may have been a family trade.[25]

     The 1830 census provides the first clear confirmation of Jack and his family residing in Bedford County.[26]However, by 1834, Jack and Jane have relocated to Campbell County. That year, Joseph White, formalized his continued support by issuing a gift deed transferring household goods and chattels to his daughter, Jane. Although Jack was referenced in the document, the deed explicitly designated Jane and her children as the primary heirs of the personal property, likely a reflection of Joseph’s concerns about Jack’s reliability with money. The family’s continued residence in Campbell County is confirmed by their appearance in the 1840 U.S. census. Oddly, Jack, has one slave in 1840 that he paid $.30 tax on. By 1842, he is listed with none. This was the only time he paid property tax in his life.[27]

     The 1840’s proved to be a challenging decade for the Witt–White family. John is back in Bedford County, perhaps to help Joseph White in his final years.[28] Their patriarch, Joseph, almost 100 years old, was deceased prior to his 26 March 1844 probated will. His will, written on March 24^th, 1842, divided a portion of his estate amongst his daughters but placed special stipulations on three of them: Betsy Burnett, Jincy (Jane) Witt, and Massa Crain, stating that their shares, “…to remain in the hands of my executors and the interest thereof to be applied annually to their support…”  This provision, for Betsy and Massa was likely due to the deaths of their husbands (though Massa later remarried), while the restriction placed on Jane likely stemmed from Joseph’s desire to protect her financially, given Jack’s history of mismanaging funds.[29]  His pattern of debts certainly identifies his personal signature as “The Fallen.”

     On 15 January 1846, Jack and his brother-in-law, John Dallis, filed a suit contesting Joseph’s will. In subsequent documents, a notation reading “dead” appears next to the entry line for Jack and Jane. The dates in the file confirm Jack’s passing in 1846 and by the time his daughter Eliza Ann Witt married Phillip Duffy on 9 January 1847, she was only identified as the daughter of Jane.[30] Jack’s death left Jane alone, to care for their youngest daughter, Tabitha, who was still a teenager and became an unwed mother shortly thereafter. This final chapter of Jack’s life reflects the long arc of financial struggle that had shadowed both John Sr. and his son, John “Jack” Witt, across decades.[31]

 

JOHN R. WITT, SON OF ROBERT WITT

ABT 1790–1821

     Though his life was brief, John R. Witt emerges as a man of independence, military service, and an eventual return to family ties. He was the eldest son of Robert and Nancy (Reece) Witt, born in Bedford County, Virginia about 1790. In 1809, when John was about nineteen, his parents and siblings relocated to Logan County, Kentucky near his uncle John Witt. However, John R. chose to remain in Bedford County and appears in the 1810 census living alone.[32]

     On April 2^nd, 1811, he married Sally Mayhew, daughter of Francis Mayhew. Shortly afterward, during the War of 1812, John served as a private in the 4^th Regiment, Virginia Militia. He continued living in the county paying taxes through 1817.[33] In April Court, 1818, John faced two separate charges of “breach of the peace.” Although the Common Law Order Book does not specify the exact nature of the offenses, he was found guilty and fined $15 for the first incident and $50 for the second. The fine dollar amounts suggest the violations were considered serious. The charge “breach of peace” could include fighting, harassment, unlawful assembly, or similar disruptive behavior. It is possible these events contributed to his departure from Bedford County, as John R. disappears from the personal property and poll tax rolls after 1817.[34]

     In 1820, he and his family appear in the U.S. census in Logan County, Kentucky. Many online family trees incorrectly identify this John as the son of Lewis Witt. However, that John, his uncle, had relocated to Maury County, Tennessee in 1818, and remained there. The census shows John R. lived near his sister Nancy and her husband, Eli Stroud. John’s household included two males under ten, one male aged 26 to 44 (John), and one female listed as 10-15 years old. This last entry appears to be a recording error, as Sally (Mayhew) Witt, John’s wife, was approximately twenty-five years old at the time and is confirmed to have been alive, as she is marked to receive her share of her father’s estate in 1836.[35] John, also appeared in the Logan County tax rolls under the name “John Whitt.” In 1820, he was taxed for one tithe and 2 horses; in 1821, one tithe and one horse. He does not appear in the tax rolls after that year.[36]

     John Witt passed away in the beginning of his third decade of life, leaving behind a young wife and at least two small sons. He died sometime before September 1821, when his father petitioned the Logan County court to serve as administrator of his son’s estate. The court granted the request, and John’s estate was appraised on November 20, 1821. John R.’s personal property was sold on December 17^th of the same year and buyers included his wife, Sally Witt, his brothers-in-law, Joel and Eli Stroud, his brother William Witt, and his father Robert Witt.[37] John R.’s behavioral signature could not be identified due to limited records of his life.

 

JOHN WITT, SON OF JESSE WITT

1794–BEFORE 1810

     The only known record of John, son of Jesse Witt, is his birth entry in the family Bible.[38] His early death prior to reaching the tithable age of sixteen is suggested by his absence from the Bedford County tax rolls. Further evidence is found in his omission from his father’s Jesse’s will, written 18 February 1826.[39] In addition, John’s brother Daniel Witt became a well-known Baptist preacher, and multiple books were written about him and his family. None of the writings make any mention of John, further supporting the conclusion that he died young.[40]

 

JOHN WITT, SON OF ROLAND WITT

1795–AFT 1880

     John Witt’s life story is one of modest prosperity and enduring family ties. Born in Bedford County in 1795, he was the only son of Roland and Sally “Sarah” (Duvall) Witt among several daughters. He remained in his parents’ household even after marrying Mildred Howard in 1818, as reflected in the 1820 census. By 1830, John is enumerated directly beside his parents.[41]

     Unlike some of his contemporaries, John’s life was not marked by legal disputes or public controversy. Instead, he appears to have been peaceful and law-abiding. His absence from court records stands in contrast to the more turbulent paths of some Witt cousins and further defines his personal signature as that of a reliable and consistent figure within his immediate family circle. John’s character and values can be better understood by the life led by his father, Roland Witt, son of Lewis and Ann (Mills) Witt. A particularly telling episode comes from an 1830 court case involves a freedman of color named Joe, who requests to remain in Virginia upon his emancipation by the will of Anna Maria Quarles. The law permits that he could stay free in Virginia if he can prove good character and some extraordinary merit.  Roland testified on behalf of Joe, citing his long-standing relationship with him and related a story about Joe saving his life from a bull that gored him. This underscores the moral lessons John would have absorbed, particularly regarding fairness and family loyalty.[42]

     When Roland Witt died on March 1^st, 1837, his will written February 10^th, 1830, appointed John executor and acknowledged his son’s financial independence and responsibility:      “… my son, John Witt, has paid me for 50 acres of land and by agreement it was to be laid off to him after my death on the northside of the tract that I now lived on, adjoining the lands of Col. David Saunder’s …” Roland’s bequest to John included additional land and farm equipment, while adjoining tracts were distributed among his five daughters: Ann Witt, Milly (Witt) Overstreet, Agnes Witt, Polly (Witt) Hamilton, Keziah (Witt) Vest, and granddaughter Sarah Jane Pollard, daughter of deceased daughter, Elizabeth Witt.[43]

     From his early years living under his father’s roof to his final decades spent in the households of first, his daughter Mary, and later his son, William H., John lived a life deeply embedded in family. Though no will or death record survives, census data from 1840 through 1880 charts a modestly prosperous and dedicated family man.[44] He certainly lived the signature life of “The Provider.”

 

 

CONCLUSION

 

 

The family tree above does not list all their siblings. It is representative of the Seven John Witts.

 Untangling and distinguishing the lives of seven men named John Witt across three generations in early 19^thcentury Bedford County required far more than assembling scattered references. To untangle overlapping identities and correct long-standing genealogical errors, the research began with a complete restart grounded in primary sources. Bedford County tax rolls and census records provided the framework for identifying each John Witt, while deeds and newspaper clippings clarified geographic proximity and financial standing. Vital records such as marriage licenses, death notices, and DNA test results, further refined family relationships. Finally, careful reading of unindexed county court minutes and chancery records illuminated daily life in Bedford County and brought the personalities of the John Witts into focus.

     Each man revealed a unique social identity. In some cases, recognizable patterns extended beyond the behavioral signature of an individual to form family signatures––shared tendencies or values passed down through generations. For example, financial instability linked both John Sr. and his son, while a consistent thread of moral conduct ran through the records of Roland and his son:

• John Witt Sr. emerged as a strong-willed and opinionated man who fell into financial difficulty.

• His son, Jack Witt, likewise struggled and relied on the support of his father-in-law.

• John, son of Lewis, was a frontiersman who sought opportunity in new places while remaining closely tied to family.

• John B., the orphan, rose steadily to become a plantation owner of growing wealth.

• John R., long mistaken as Lewis’ son, was finally re-identified as the son of Robert.

• John, son of Jesse, left little evidence and appears to have died young.

• John, son of Roland, proved to be a peaceful, family-orientated man, reflecting the values of his father.

     This case demonstrates how a systematic, source-based approach combined with behavioral signatures, can resolve even the most intricate genealogical puzzles. Where names repeat, full context analysis becomes essential.

     Their stories, once obscured by repetition and assumption, are now clearly told.

 

Click NEXT:

https://johnsonfamilyofkempercounty.com/the-children-of-john-and-kesiah-witt/

 

 

     [1] Bedford County, Virginia, “General Index to Marriage Bonds, A-Z, Wives, 1754–1870,” W section, p. 47, line 2, 1786, Mary Ann Witt to Rolley Crouch, line 5, 1792, Sarah Witt to Joseph Crouch, line 6, 1792, Judith Witt to Overstreet Hail, line 7, 1792, Nancey Witt to John Perrin, line 9, 1797, Suckey Witt to Claibourn Creasy, line 11,1802, Joannah Witt to Paschal Nance, [John Witt surety on marriages listed]; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9BK-RQM1-6 : accessed 27 March 2025) > digital film 007725159 > image 602 of 607. [Strongly indicates: John Sr. as “father” to at least one or all, as he insured so many marriages. Approximate dates of birth of Witt women calculated at 16 years of age, range from 1770–1780.Therefore mother -16 years puts John’s wife’s birth about 1753–1764. Paschal’s wife, Joannah Witt, is further collaborated as a daughter, by Paschal’s association with John Sr. in chancery record; Paschal Nance vs William Mead in fn5, and autosomal DNA of Judith (Witt) Hail’s descendants confirms segment-based Witt ancestry [further DNA study needed to publish relationship].

     [2] Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed Book 8, 1787–1791,” pp. 186–187, 9 April 1778, William Mead, Jr., John Witt; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQF-2N55 : accessed 23 June 2025), digital film > 007846225, images > 112–113 of 534.[200 acres on Little Otter River, Thomas Creasey one of the witnesses]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Will Book, Vol 2., 1788–1803,” pp. 143–144, probated 27 October 1794, will of Maryann Franklin, John Witt (executor), Unus Witte & Elijah Weaks (witnesses); imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9T3-PQKS-Q : accessed 24 June 2025) > digital film 007673138 > image 439 of 562. [Maryann is sister of John]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed Book 9, 1791–1795,” pp. 476–477, 13 February 1795, John Witt & Unis, his wife; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQF-X6TG : accessed 24 June 2025), digital film > 007846226, images > 36 of 378 [Sold to John Overstreet, 125 acres of property on John Foster’s line (Little Otter River)]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Will Book, Vol 3, 1803–1811,” pp. 6–9, probated 25 July 1803, will of Thomas Creesey, daughter Unis; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-2D6P : accessed 24 June 2025) > digital film 007645310 > images 63–65 of 408. [includes Frazier Oatey as a witness. He had purchased land from John & Unis (association)]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed Book 12, 1806–1809,” p. 40, February, 1805, John Witt & Unice, his wife; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQN-Y99W : accessed 24 June 2025), digital film > 007846228, images > 261 of 466 [Sold to Frazier Oatey, 77 acres of property on Little Otter River. Filed: Feb., 1806]. [Frazier Oatey signed Thomas Creasey’s will]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed Book 12, 1806–1809”, p. 227, 13 June 1807, John Witt, 130 acres; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQN-Y1K : accessed 24 June 2025), digital film > 007846228, images > 359 of 466 [Deed of trust, land, household, farm stock, to Benjamin Rice, no mention of Unis, required when relinquishing dower land to secure a debt to David Saunders (court clerk)]. Also,1810 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, not stated, p. 38, line 8, John Witt, 1 male under 10, 2 males 10–15, two females under 10, one female 10–15, one female 26–44 and one slave. [slave not in personal property tax rolls, mismarked or owned by female in household?]. [No marriage record for John Witt Sr.. Household likely widowed daughter and grandchildren].

     [3] C.G. Jung, “The Collected Works of C.J. Jung, Volume 9, Part 1,” 1959, Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, London, pp. 255– 272, On the Psychology of the Trickster-Figure; imaged at Archive.org (https://ia801406.us.archive.org/9/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.185498/2015.185498.The-Archetypes-And-Collective-Unconscious_text.pdf : accessed 14 August 2025) [Jung cites Paul Radin][Quote from p. 264, section 473]

     [4] Bedford Co., VA, Court, Record 1809–013, Chancery Court file, Paschal Nance vs William Mead; imaged “Chancery Records Index,” Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory (https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/ : accessed 2 April 2025), Search terms: Bedford County, Defendant, “William Mead” and Plaintiff, “Paschal Nance,” 01–11images. [John Witt, planter of apple trees (farming skills), and fence building (carpentry skills), Paschal Nance, regarding roof and subletting. David Saunders, of the court]. Also, see fn 3 [land sold to pay debt to court. Rice trustee]. Also, Bedford Co., VA, Court, Record 1816–003, Chancery Court file, John Ryan vs James Witt, John Witt; imaged “Chancery Records Index,” Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory (https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/ : accessed 2 April 2025), Search terms: Bedford County, Defendant, “James Witt & John Witt” and Plaintiff, “John Ryan,” 01–35 images. [James Witt went west and didn’t pay his debts but left a mare as collateral with John Witt if he didn’t return by 1810, John didn’t forward to John Ryan].

     [5] Bedford County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1822A,” pp. 80, February 25: John Witt, Sr. (1 horse;) imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQQ-XS2H-N  : accessed 3 May 2025) > digital film 007842572 > image 495 of 651. [no tithables collected]

     [6] C.G. Jung, “The Collected Works of C.J. Jung, Volume 9, Part 1,” 1959, Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, London, p.270, section 484, On the Psychology of the Trickster-Figure; imaged at Archive.org (https://ia801406.us.archive.org/9/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.185498/2015.185498.The-Archetypes-And-Collective-Unconscious_text.pdf : accessed 16 August 2025)

     [7] Bedford County, Virginia, “Overseers of the Poor, 1816–1830,” for John Witt, Sr., p. 126, June 1823, p. 138, 7 June 1824, p. 149, 6 June 1825, and finally p. 157, 5 June 1826, Peggy Witt, John Witt deceased. [These records were found at FamilySearch several years ago and are no longer online. Therefore, requested from The Library of Virginia hard copies which were sent via drop box to Elaine Perryman 5/2025].

     [8] Elaine M. Perryman, “Uncovering the Family of Kesiah, John Witt of Bedford County, Virginia & His Wife Kesiah Kilcrease of Edgefield County, South Carolina,” Brent H. Holcomb, Editor and Publisher, Columbia, South Carolina, The South Carolina Magazine of Ancestral Research, Volume LII, No. 1 Winter 2024, pp. 9–24. [This article relates to John Witt’s migration to SC, KY, TN]. Also, 1790 U.S. census, Edgefield County, South Carolina, District “Not stated,” p. 570, middle column, line 20, John Witt. Also, Logan County, Kentucky, “Personal Property, 1807,” p. 24, line 34, John Witt, August, 1807; imaged at FamilySearch ( https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS3J-C9XG-F : accessed15 May 2025) > digital film 007834476 > image 508 of 1012. Also, Logan County, Kentucky, “Deed Book B, 1806–1813,” pp. 238–39; John Witt; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4T-MSWQ-W : accessed 15 May 2025) > digital film 007900780 > image 134 of 632. Also, 1810 U.S. census, Logan County, Kentucky, District, “Not Stated”, p. 193, line 22, John Witt. Also, Logan County, Kentucky, Deed Book F, 1817-1819, pp. 168-69,14 February 1818, John and Kesiah Witt; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSLX-2SM3-Y : accessed 15 May 2025) > digital film 008192734 > image 90 of 545.[sale of property in KY]. Also, Logan County, Kentucky, “Personal Property, 1810,” p. 39, line 34, Robert Witt, January 1811; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS3J-C9NS-P : accessed 15 May 2025) > digital film 7834476 > image 685 of 1012.

     [9] see fn 9 [1818, John son of Lewis sold property and tax rolls and profile of John R. Witt]. Also, Find a Grave (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/101815645/robert-witt : accessed 15 May 2025), an undocumented memorial for “Robert Witt,” created 6 December 2012 by “Norma Witt Blair,” and maintained by em. Also, 1820 U.S. census, Maury County, Tennessee, Columbia Township, p. 57/110, line 30, John Witt (not indexed, barely legible); imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYB9-SVPD :accessed 15 May 2015) > image 3 of 6. Also, Also, Maury County, Tennessee, Deed Book N1, 9 July 1829, pp. 419; Flemmon Simmons, John Witt and William Kilcrease, 24 September 1840; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4T-MTFL : accessed 15 May 2025) > digital film 007901313 > image 216–217 of 557. [shows John Witt near William Kilcrease].  

     [10] Privacy issues. Request 7B. DNA section of seven cousins document with author.

     [11] 1840 U.S. census, Maury County, Tennessee, Middle District, p. 385, line 19, John Witt. Also, Maury County, Tennessee, Deed Book X1, 1840–42, pp. 220-21; John Witt; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS54-43L5-X : accessed 25 June 2025) > digital film 008265229 > image 119.

     [12] Bedford County, Virginia, “Order Book No. 9, 1786–1790,” p.269, May 1789 court, Mitchell vs Overstreet,  Enos Mitchell, Thomas Overstreet ; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKH-79H7-Y : accessed 1 April 2025) > digital film 008141119 > image 378 of 625.[ Jury ruled in favor of the plaintiff Mitchell and awarded damages at 75 pounds, two years from, 26 May1789]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Order Book No. 9, 1786–1790,” p. 270, John Witt Sr., John Witt, Jr.; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKH-79H3-D : accessed: 30 March 2025) > digital film 008141119 > image 379 of 625. [ordered John Witt be appointed guardian].

     [13] Bedford Co., VA, Court, Record 1789–011, Chancery Court file, Thomas Overstreet vs Guardian of John Witt, November 1789; imaged “Chancery Records Index,” Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory (https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/ : accessed 2 July 2025), Search terms: “Overstreet” and “Witt,” 01–07 images. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Order Book No. 9, 1786–1790,” p. 301, Overstreet in Witt case, John Witt Sr., John Witt, Jr.; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKH-79HQ-H accessed: 30 March 2025) > digital film 008141119 > image 394 of 625. [showing outcome of case in court order book].

     [14] Buckingham County, Virginia, “Land Book 1787,” p. 11, Benj. Witt estate, 129 acres; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS46-YYXB : accessed 2 July 2025) > digital film 007894606> image 38 of 424. Also, Buckingham County, Virginia, “Land Book 1794,” p. 14; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS46-YB31 : accessed 2 July 2025) > digital film 007894606 > image 177 of 424. Also, Buckingham County, Virginia, “Land Book 1804,” p.18; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS35-ZSPN-W : accessed 10 Juner 2025) > digital film 007837418 > 36 of 822. Also, Buckingham County, Virginia, “Land Book, 1805,” p.16, 1805, Witt Benjamin Estate, 115 acres; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS35-ZSPF-X : accessed 31 March 2025) >digital film 007837418 > image 48 of 822.[Searched 1806–1810…no Witt.] Also, Buckingham County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1783,” p. 45, Mary Witt, slave named Prince, 3 horses, 4 cattle; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSHW-BVG : accessed 22 February 2025) > digital film 007862490 > image 56 of 630. Also, 1786, p. 25, Mary Witt, 2 horses, image 108 of 630. Also, 1787, p. not stated, May 7^th, Mary Witt, 4 horses, image 129 of 630. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed Book 9, 1791–1795,” pp. 280–281, 16 August 1793; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQF-2J4H : accessed 1 April 2025) digital film > 007846225 > Image 457 of 534. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Order Book No. 10, 1790–1795,” p. 283, Overstreet, Mary Doss; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKH-79CD-F : accessed: 30 March 2025) > digital film 008141119 > image 581 of 625.[Married: Witt-Overstreet, Doss, selling Overstreet inherited land].

     [15] Buckingham County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1801,” p. not stated, June 13,  John Witt, 1 tithe and 2 horses; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSHW-B34W : accessed 22 February 2025) > digital film 007862490 > image 392 of 630. Also, Buckingham County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1802,” p. not stated, June 12,  John Witt, 1 tithe and 1 horse; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSHW-BSZ5 : accessed 22 February 2025) > digital film 007862490 > image 413 of 630.[see fn 15 for no land 1805, and Bedford County tax rolls in Table 1].

     [16] Bedford County, Virginia, “General Index to Marriage Bonds, A-Z, Husbands, 1754–1870,” W section, p. 45, line 5, 12 January 1805, “Witt, John,” wife Betsy Beard, daughter of Margaret; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9BK-RQMS-Xaccessed 27 March 2025) > digital film 007725159 > image 310 of 607. Also, US, “War of 1812, Service Record Index, 1812–1815,” John B. Witt, Sergeant, 2^nd Regiment, Virginia Militia; imaged at Fold3 (https://www.fold3.com/image/310355510/witt-john-b-page-1-us-war-of-1812-service-record-index-1812-1815 : accessed 25 June 2025)

     [17] Bedford County, Virginia, “General Index to Marriage Bonds, A-Z, Husbands, 1754–1870,” W section, p. 45, line 18, 21 December 1830, “Witt, John and Elizabeth Fields”; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9BK-RQMS-X accessed 27 March 2025) > digital film 007725159 > image 310 of 607. Also, US, “War of 1812 Service Record Index, 1812–1815,” John B. Witt; imaged at Fold3 (https://www.fold3.com/image/310355510/witt-john-b-page-1-us-war-of-1812-service-record-index-1812-1815 : accessed 26 May 2025) > 310355510. [General Index Card: Sergeant, John B. Witt, 2nd Regiment of the Virginia Militia, Lieut. Col. Ambler, Col. Brown.].

     [18] Bedford County, Virginia, “Virginia, U.S., Death Registers, 1853–1911,” 1855, p. 28, Elizabeth Witt, spouse, Jno B Witt, Parents: Stephen and Rachel Goggin; imaged at Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62152/records/138978 : accessed 26 June 2025) > Virginia, U.S. Death Registers > not stated > image 5070 of 23,490.

     [19] Bedford Co., VA, Court, Record 1834–035, Chancery Court file, Obediah Tate vs John B. Witt; imaged “Chancery Records Index,” Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory (https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/ : accessed 2 April 2025), Search terms: Defendant “John Witt” 01–15 images.[regarding the inheritance of Elizabeth (daughter) and her husband John B. Witt from widow, Rachel Goggin’s slaves, and their increase being sold, the court divided the profit amongst heirs.] Also, Bedford Co., VA, Court, Record 1870–189, Chancery Court file, Milton A. Tate ETC vs John B. Witt; imaged “Chancery Records Index,” Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory (https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/ : accessed 2 April 2025), Search terms: Defendant “John Witt” 01–17 images.[regarding property inherited by Elizabeth (Goggin) Witt, deceased.]

     [20] Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed Book, Vol 15, 1816–1819,” p. 270–271, 24 November 1817, John Watts and wife Betsy, John Witt, 211-1/2 acres; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQF-79KB-6 : accessed 27 June 2025) > digital film 7846230 > image 315–316 of 553. [on the waters of Goose Creek, corner of Overstreet, Scott’s line to Lewis’ corner. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Land Book 1824, 1825,1826” John B. Witt, 211-1/2 acres on Dumplin (Dumpling) Mountain 13E, and 1825 & 1826, additionally 71 acres on Glady branch, 11SE, images of original provided by the Library of Virginia to Elaine Perryman via drop box, 28 May 2025. [71 acres not found yet in deed book]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed Book, Vol 15, 1816–1819,” p.104, 22 December 1817, John B. Witt, wife Elizabeth, William Oliver, 312 acres; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQF-7927-P :accessed 27 June 2025) > digital film 7846230 > image 200 of 553. [John B. most of father, Benjamin Jr.’s, original land grant] [Falling Creek, Mitchell’s corner, Foster’s corner] [Oliver then sells to Edward Matson, same day.]

     [21] 1830 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Not Stated, p.183, line 4, John B. Witt. Also,1840 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern District, p.241, line 16, John Witt. Also,1850 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern Division, pp. 223–4, line 42, John B. Witt. Also,1850 U.S. Slave Schedule census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern Division, p. 173, line 40, John B. Witt. Also, 1860 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern Revenue District, p. 155, line 20, John B. Witt. Also,1860 U.S. Slave Schedule census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern Revenue District, p. 49, line 38, John B. Witt. [Also, see, fn 23, for will showing final count of slaves.]

     [22] Bedford County, Virginia, ”Index to Deaths A–Z, 1853–1917,” p. not stated, typescript, John B. Witt, 1864, imaged at FamilySearchhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89XF-HV1N : accessed 23 March, 2025) > digital film 007578832 > image 217 of 543. Also, the typescript provided a page of 282 in register book. The Deputy Clerk of Circuit Court, Karen Rowlett, by email, 7 April 2025 to Elaine Perryman, provided a copy of the 1864 Death Register: John B. Witt, White, Male, August 22, Bedford, cause unknown, age 83 [1780-1781birth year], Parents: Beng. [Benjamin] & Mary Witt, Birth, Buckhanan [Buckingham County], Farmer, Married, N.A. Adams [Nancy (Witt) Adams], Daughter. [Nancy’s surname in Will.] Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Virginia, U.S. Wills and Probate Records, 1652–1900,” 1864, pp. 124–129, John B. Witt, Will and codicil; imaged at Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62347/records/259351 : accessed 6 April 2025) > Virginia, U.S. Wills and Probate Records > Bedford >Will Books, Vol 20, 1864–1866 > images 370–373 of 787. Also, Bedford Co., VA, Court, Record 1882-021, Chancery Court file, John E. Witt ETC vs David O. Witt, Exor of John B. Witt, p.11; imaged “Chancery Records Index,” Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory (https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/: accessed 2 April 2025), Search terms: Defendant “John Witt” 01–187 images. [p.11 and more, reveals monetary values and wealth].

     [23] Bedford County, Virginia, “General Index to Marriage Bonds, A-Z, Husbands, 1754–1870,” W section, p. 45, line 4, 26 May 1803, “Witt, John” and Jane White, daughter of Joseph”; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9BK-RQMS-Xaccessed 27 March 2025) > digital film 007725159 > image 310 of 607.

     [24] Bedford County, Virginia, “Deed book no. 19, 1824–1826,” 1825, p. 245–246, Joseph White, Jesse White, John Witt, Jane Witt, Deed of Trust, plantation land, furniture, livestock ; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSY6-BSTM-V : accessed 226 March 2025) > digital film 008360530 > image 375 of 436.[Joseph White gave monies for Jack to remain on plantation.]

     [25] 1860, U.S. census, Post Office, Castle Craig, Western Division, Campbell County, Virginia, p. 38, dwelling no. 262, Benj. Witt 34M, carpenter, with Francis V. 30F, Ann E. 13F, Mary F. 4F, dwelling no. 263, James Witt 40M, carpenter, with Lucy A. 35F, Malinda J. 12F, Ann 10F, ... Edwin J Witt, 22M, carpenter (likely grandchild of Jane), with Mary A, 17F, Baby 1/12M. … Edward J Milum 21M, Ann M 16F, …Jane Witt, 70… [Same household three enclaves] Also, p.37, dwelling no. 258, sister Eliza (Witt) Duffy, with husband Phillip, and family. [Jane, children and grandchildren in enclave. Also,1870, U.S. census, Western Division, Campbell County, Virginia, p.227: household 1518, Henry L. Witt, 48, carpenter, with family, household 1520, James Witt 52, carpenter, with family. household 1523, Benjamin Witt, 46, carpenter, with family. [1870 shows family proximity].

     [26] 1830 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Not stated, p.181 line 5, John Witt. [incorrectly transcribed at Ancestry as “John Hitt.” [Household members match up with identified children as well as proximity to Joseph White.]

     [27] Campbell County, Virginia, “Deed book no. 19, 1832–1835,” 1834, p. 279, Joseph White, John Witt, Jane Witt, Campbell County, gift deed, household items , furniture, livestock ; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSL6-3BTN : accessed 226 March 2025) > digital film 008190132 > image 454 of 537.[likely from their Bedford property]. Also, 1840 U.S. census, Campbell County, Virginia, Southern District, p. 22 line 11, John Witt. Also, Campbell County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1840,” District A, p. no page stated, April 22, John Witt ; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKJ-Q98Y-H : accessed 29 March 2025) > digital film 008151950 > image 454 of 892.[Notice no tithes charged in tax—Also, prior to 1840, Jack paid no property or slave tax (image 401etc) by 1840 John has acquired 1 slave and by 1842, See fn 29 in Bedford, he loses the slave and has no property tax.]

     [28] Bedford County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1842B,” p. not stated, May 12, John Witt, Sr. 3 tithes, no property; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSPG-L9DN-1 : accessed 3 May 2025) > digital film 008249426 > 454 of 657. [John Jr., son of Roland is still in his usual marking, Senior is deceased and John, his son, is the new Sr excluding John B.]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1843B,” p. not stated, May 9, John Witt, Jr. 1 tithe, no property; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSPG-L9D9-6  : accessed 3 May 2025) > digital film 008249426 > 546 of 657.[Two John Jr.’s The other is son of Roland in usual position.]  Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Personal Property, 1844B,” p. not stated, April 11, John Witt, Senr. 1 tithe, no property; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSPG-L98R-7 : accessed 3 May 2025) > digital film 008249426 > 646 of 657.[John Jr, (son of Roland) is listed March 25] [After 1844-John, son of John, doesn’t appear -checked up to 1848 even though he is deceased in 1846].

     [29] Bedford County, Virginia, “Will Book, Vol, 11, 1842–1845,” pp. 559–561, Joseph White, written 24 March 1842, proved in court 25 November 1844, and Appraisement of inventory p. 578–579; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-24DK  : accessed 28 March 2025) > digital film 007645302 > image 308–309, 318 of 753.

     [30] Bedford Co., VA, Court, Record Index Number 1848–026, Original Case Number 438, “John Dallis & WIFE ETC vs Jesse White,” Filed: January 15, 1846 and Final Decree: Sept. 12, 1848, imaged “Chancery Records Index,” Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory(https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/ : accessed 2 April 2025.) Search term in Bedford County: Plaintiff, “John Dallis,” 01–25 images. [image 24 of 25, next to names, John and Jane “Jincy” Witt, (dead) (before final decree). James Holt identified as husband of Massa on same image]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “General Index to Marriage Bonds, A-Z, Wives, 1754–1870,” W section, p. 48, line 3, 9 January 1847, Eliza Ann Witt to Phillip Duffy, Daughter of Jane; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9BK-RQMR-4 : accessed 27 March 2025) > digital film 007725159 > image 603 of 607.[Jane without husband John (deceased).]

     [31] 1850 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern Division, pp. 220, line 14, Jane Witt, 67 Tabitha, 21, Robert H. 8/12 mos. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Marriage Register, No. 1, 1854–1869,” p. 1 line 12, 1 January 1856, Joshua C. Adams and Tabitha C Witt, Father: John Witt, Mother: Jane Witt; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9XF-2RPB :accessed 29 June 2025) > digital film 007578831 > image 7 of 583.

     [32] see fn 9. Also, 1810 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, p.38, right column, line 19, John Witt, white male 16 thru 25.

     [33] Bedford County, Virginia, “General Index to Marriage Bonds, A-Z, Husbands, 1754–1870,” W section, p. 45, line 8, 2 April 1811, “Witt, John,” wife Sally Mayhew, daughter of Francis; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9BK-RQMS-Xaccessed 27 March 2025) > digital film 007725159 > image 310 of 313. Also, US, “War of 1812 Service Record Index, 1812–1815,” John R. Witt; imaged at Fold3 (https://www.fold3.com/image/310355512/witt-john-r-page-1-us-war-of-1812-service-record-index-1812-1815 : accessed 26 May 2025) > 310355512. [General Index Card: Private, John R. Witt, 4^th Regiment of the Virginia Militia, Lieut. Col. Lucas, Major Wills.]

     [34] Bedford County, Virginia, “Common Law Order Book, Vol 2, 1817–1821,” John R. Witt, April 1818, with two different juries:  p. 72, $15 dollars fine and p.76., $50 dollars fine ; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSPG-2QS2-K : accessed 17 April 2025) > digital film 008249391 > images 13, 23, 30, 49 ($15 dollars), 51 ($50 dollars) of 466.

     [35] 1820 U.S. census, Logan County, Kentucky, District, Russellville, p. 27, line 30, John Witt “26–44,” with two males “under 10” and one female (wife?) “10–15.” Bedford County, Virginia, “Will Book 9, 1835–1838,” pp. 25, 145, 150, Francis Mayhew, imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99P6-2ZPZ : accessed 26 May 2025) > digital film 007645301 > images 29, 92–93, 95 of 487  [image 93, p. 146 shows Sally Witt, living heir].

     [36] Logan County, Kentucky, “Tax Book, 1820,“ p. not stated, line 12, John Whitt; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS3J-FSYF-K : accessed 22 March 2024) > digital film 007834477  > image 335 of 1167. Also, Logan County, Kentucky, “Tax Book, 1821,“ p. 59, line 10, John Whitt; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS3J-FSTR-K :accessed 22 March 2024) > digital film 007834477 > image 400 of 1167.

     [37] Logan County, Kentucky, “County Court Order Book 7,“ p.341, 363, September Term 1821, Robert Witt, John R. Witt deceased; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHV-F3ZG-BXG4 : accessed 4 May 2025) > digital film 008686669 > images 375 and 386 of 426 [Robert’s request as administrator granted in September Term and appraisement was in December Term.] Also, Logan County, Kentucky, “Will Book B, 1815–1823,” pp. 471–72, 17 December 1821, inventory sale, John R. Witt estate, Robert Witt, administrator; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9LJ-YGFP : accessed 26 May 2025) > digital film 007637268 > image 585 of 610.

     [38] Witt Family Bible, Line 7, John Witt was born Dec 6^th 1794, Imaged at Library of Virginia, (https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/bible-records : accessed 10 March 2025), Search term: Witt 1762. The Library of Virginia > Research Guides & Indexes > Bible Records Digital Collection > Witt family Bible record, 1762–1867

     [39] Bedford County, Virginia, “Will Book, Vol. 11, 1842–1845,” p.31, Jesse Witt, written 18 February, 1826; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-24GQ : accessed 2 July 2025) > digital film 007645302 > image 33 of 753.

     [40] J.B. Jeter, “The Life of Rev. Daniel Witt, D.D., of Prince Edward County, Virginia,” Richmond, J.T. Ellyson, 1875, pp. 1–276, imaged at Library of Congress, (https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.lifeofrevdanielw00jete/ : accessed 5 September 2023).[main book]

     [41] Campbell County, Virginia, “Marriage Register, No. 1, 1782–1853,”, p.178, 31 January 1793, Roland Witt and Sally Duvall, Minister Performing Ceremony: Joseph Drury; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89XF-V6P9 : accessed 27 May 2025) > digital film 007578854 > image 358 of 847. Also,1820 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern District, p. 107, line 8, Rowland Witt, 45 and over, Accounting of household listing of 10: 1 male: 16–25 (John Witt, only son), 1 male: under 10 (grandson, William H. Witt), 1 female: 16–25, (Mildred (Howard) Witt, wife of John born 1803). Also, Find a Grave (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8756794/william-henry-witt : accessed 27 May 2025), an undocumented memorial for “William Henry Witt,” created  14 May 2004 by “Marcia DeSarro-Witt,” ID: 8756794. [Birth of William, 30 October 1819]. Also, “Virginia, U.S. Death and Burials Index, 1853–1917,” Mildred Witt, Birth date: abt 1803, Death date: Aug 1861, Bedford County, Virginia, Spouse: John Witt; imaged at Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2558/records/319651 : accessed 28 May 2025) > Virginia, U.S., Death and Burials Index, 1853–1917 > typescript. [Proof of John Witt, son of Roland, wife Mildred, son William H. in Roland Witt’s household]. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Will Book, Vol 9, 1835–1838,” p. 256–257, will of Rowland Witt; imaged at FamilySearch(https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99P6-2ZNB accessed 19 April 2025) > digital film 007645301 > image 148 of 487.[names of 6 daughters and son, no wife (presumed deceased)]. Also, 1830 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Not stated, p. 177, line 24, John Witt and family with 1 slave.

     [42] Bedford Co., Virginia, Legislative Petitions of the General Assembly, 1776–1865, Chancery Court, Filename: 011_024_048, “Joe: Petition,” 17 December, 1830; imaged at Library of Virginia, Virginia Memory  (https://rosetta.virginiamemory.com/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE2600041 : accessed 30 May 2025) > Search terms > Joe Quarles > 9 images.   [Joe, freed by Anna M. Quarles will, asked permission to remain in the State of Virginia]

     [43] Bedford County, Virginia, “Virginia, U.S. Wills and Probate Records, 1652–1900,”pp. 82–84, Rowland Witt’s estate account; imaged atAncestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62347/records/1493644 : accessed 6 April 2025) > Virginia, U.S. Wills and Probate Records > Bedford >Will Books, Vol 10–11, 1838–1845 > images 53–54 of 572. Also, Bedford County, Virginia, “Will Book, Vol 9, 1835–1838,” p. 370–372, 1838, division of property of Rowland Witt; imaged at FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99P6-2ZX1 : accessed 19 April 2025) > digital film 007645301 > images 205–206 of 487.

     [44] 1840 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Not stated, p.19, line 29, John Witt and family with 4 slaves, living next to his sister who was married to Joshua Vest. Also,1850 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Southern Division, p. 232, dwelling number 316, John Witt 55, Mildred, 45 and Mary A. 13, Next door, his son William H. Witt is enumerated and neighbor John Pollard remains in the same neighborhood. Also,1860 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Not stated, p.201, Dwelling 1432, line 9, $1450 real estate value $3500 personal estate, John Witt, wife M., G. Williamson, farm hand. Next to Wm H Witt, son. Also,1870, U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Township of Otter, p.20, Dwelling 119, line 5, John Witt with daughter Mary Hurt and grandchildren, $500 real estate value. Also,1880 U.S. census, Bedford County, Virginia, Liberty, Enumeration district 18, p. 36, Dwelling 304, line 15, John Witt, age 87, in household of son Wm H. Witt.

 

BEHAVIORAL SIGNATURE CHART 

     Since a holistic approach towards ancestral profiling draws upon the researcher’s judgement, creative thinking, and experience, it is inherently difficult to standardize. To bring structure to the process, the author developed a categorical chart influenced by the theoretical foundations of Swiss psychoanalyst, Carl. G. Jung. Jung’s archetypal framework, a forerunner to modern personality assessments, provided a lens to identify consistent patterns in human behavior and identity. While Jung’s work is highly complex, later adaptations distilled his concepts into simplified archetype models emphasizing recurring behavioral markers.[1]

     In the 21^st century, with increased mobility and expanded educational opportunities, personal identity has become more fluid, often encompassing multiple archetype roles over a lifetime. In contrast, early 19^thcentury Virginia offered limited occupational diversity and restricted access to education. Men’s livelihoods were frequently tied to family trades or subsistence farming, making their public roles and behavioral patterns comparatively static. In such an environment, a single dominant behavioral archetype could often be assigned to an individual, provided sufficient documentary evidence was found.

Chart 1 presents the categories of personal behavioral signatures, influenced by Jungian archetypes and adapted to the cultural and historic context of the period, which served as a personal analytical tool for differentiating between multiple men named John Witt.

     [1] C. G. Jung, “The Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Volumes 1–19,” 1957, Bollingen Foundation Inc, NY, NY, digital collection only numbered by sections1–1834; imaged at (https://ia800503.us.archive.org/26/items/the-collected-works-of-carl-jung-complete-digital-edition/The%20Collected%20Works%20of%20C.G.%20Jung%20-%20Complete%20Digital%20Edition.pdf : accessed 14 August 2025). Also, Carol S. Pearson, The 12 Archetypes (https://www.carolspearson.com/about/the-pearson-12-archetype-system-human-development-and-evolution : accessed 12 August 2025)[Carol Pearson has written several books and simplified Jung’s work. There has been debate about her over-simplification in academic circles but a strong following with the masses]. Also, Laura Copley, Ph.D., 12 Jungian Archetypes: the Foundation of Personality, 8 April 2024, imaged at Positive Psychology; (https://positivepsychology.com/jungian-archetypes/ : accessed 14 August 2025). Also, Conor Neill, Understanding Personality: The 12 Jungian Archetypes, 21 April 2018; (https://conorneill.com/2018/04/21/understanding-personality-the-12-jungian-archetypes/ : accessed 14 August 2025), for Jungian Archetypes. Also, The Desmond Company, Brand Archetypes, (citing Margaret Mark and Carol Pearson)(https://www.thedesmondcompany.com/brand-archetypes-overview : accessed 14 August 2025). Also, Genevieve Clovis, Clovis Editorial, Blog, Overview of Twelve Character Archetypes; (https://cloviseditorial.com/character-archetypes/ : accessed 14 August 2025). [The latter citations are examples of bloggers creating a wide reach for commercial and theatre use of archetypes] [Thousands of sites piggy-back on Jung’s work. The simplification should not deter validity to its use as behavioral markers].